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公石或学者摇滚(detail) |
In
China的纯美nature has been treasured for centuries, and this is most evident in the appreciation and collecting of highly unusual rocks called
贡施. Long ago, the
中文began decorating gardens and courtyards with large stones, and around 1,000 years ago smaller, more refined stones began to be brought inside by scholars, officials and connoisseurs so they could be appreciated in their studios. Ultimately, Gongshi became so deeply valued they were presented as tribute objects to powerful people in China and the rest of Asia.
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公石或学者摇滚 |
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贡施可以松散分为两大类：摘要和代表性。摘要石头通常被称为“
scholar’s rocks。“They may be reminiscent of coral or cloudlike shapes and often have swirls, holes, perforations, and myriad caverns on their surface. They sometimes resemble famous or imaginary mountains and natural wonders, and typically appear to be naturally eroded, and are rarely shaped by human hands. Scholar’s rocks are considered the embodiment of the transformational powers of nature. Gongshi which fall into the second category, representational, can also be called “
Spirit Stones。“ In fact, the wordgongmeans "spirit" andshi“结石。”在此类别中，岩石本身超越了摘要并开始引用着名的世界。具有夹杂物的石头，看起来像人，神话生物和其他图像落入这个类别以及可以识别的形状的那些类。精神石头以抽象的方式浓缩着名的世界，或者相反，以代表方式扩展抽象世界。 对于过去的中国学者来说，公石代表着冥想的重点，可以在创造诗歌或绘画之前用作沉思的对象。它们也可能是功能性的，用作刷子休息，墨水石，香烛或密封件。然而，他们被使用，所有人都被审美的优点所带来和赞赏。摘要，但正规的贡什呼吁过去的学者呼吁今日的收集者的完全相同的品质 - 这些都是与中国书法和绘画以及现代化的西方艺术的相同品质。
贡施通过评估四个基本特征来判断：形状，材料，色彩和精神。首先，岩石应该自然形状。虽然他们可以用手加强，但他们不能搬进人造雕塑领域是不可接受的。其次，公石应该难以材料和富有纹理。它们应该由含有忍受的材料的材料组成。第三，他们应该有一个色调和光泽，这是自然的，简单，纯洁的，给他们一种自然古代的感觉。第四，无论他们跌倒的类别如何，Gongshi都应该令人兴奋，而不是良性。虽然它们可能会以不同的方式影响每个人，但它们应该对聚焦观察者有一个“人物”。 贡施may also be categorized according to composition or type of stone. Historically, four types of stone have been revered:
灵璧（发现在安徽省凌比县），
Ying岩石（从广东省越甸），
Taihu岩石（来自江苏和浙江省边境的Tai湖），和江苏岩（江苏省昆山）。然而，其他类型的石材也可能被认为是贡施，包括黄蜡岩，
石化林，zibowen岩石，黑莹岩，丰利石，红河石，崂山绿石。连同，这些包括十多种基本类型的公石，虽然更多类型的石材可以被归类为公石。 Throughout history, Gongshi have been the subject of countless poems, stories and paintings. Some have even become venerated as deities and credited with their own consciousness and powers.
古中文believed Gongshi contained the basic life force – known asqi（CHEE） - 就像人，在他们的发展过程中经历了深刻的变化。现代Aficionados将地球视为终极艺术家。然而，过去或目前，公石的升值始终植根于想象力回火的形式的美学;这种欣赏，往往表现为敬畏，引起了巩西的另一个解释 - “奇妙的岩石”这个词。 Download this Article:  公石，精神石头或学者岩石(280 KB)
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